本文参考了 https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/sql/linux/install-upgrade/quickstart-install-ubuntu

适用于：SQL Server 2025 （17.x） CU 1 及更高版本。

步骤:

下载公钥，将其从 ASCII 转换为 GPG 格式，并将其写入所需位置：

curl -fsSL https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/microsoft-prod.gpg

手动下载并注册 SQL Server Ubuntu 存储库：

curl -fsSL https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/24.04/mssql-server-2025.list | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mssql-server-2025.list

安装 SQL Server：

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y mssql-server

包安装完成后，运行 mssql-conf setup，按照提示设置 sa 密码并选择版本。 以下 SQL Server 版本获自由许可：评估版、开发人员版和 Express 版。

sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf setup

一开始会显示出版本列表：

Choose an edition of SQL Server:
  1) Evaluation (free, no production use rights, 180-day limit)
  2) Enterprise Developer (free, no production use rights)
  3) Standard Developer (free, no production use rights)
  4) Express (free)
  5) Standard (PAID)
  6) Enterprise (PAID) - CPU core utilization restricted to 20 physical/40 hyperthreaded
  7) Enterprise Core (PAID) - CPU core utilization up to Operating System Maximum
  8) I bought a license through a retail sales channel and have a product key to enter.
  9) Standard (Billed through Azure) - Use pay-as-you-go billing through Azure.
  10) Enterprise Core (Billed through Azure) - Use pay-as-you-go billing through Azure.

Details about editions can be found at
https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=2109348

Use of PAID editions of this software requires separate licensing through a
Microsoft Volume Licensing program.
By choosing a PAID edition, you are verifying that you have the appropriate
number of licenses in place to install and run this software.
By choosing an edition billed Pay-As-You-Go through Azure, you are verifying
that the server and SQL Server will be connected to Azure by installing the
management agent and Azure extension for SQL Server.

Enter your edition(1-10):

一般我们开发选 3 即可。

然后会询问是否接收许可条款：

The license terms for this product can be found in
/usr/share/doc/mssql-server or downloaded from: https://aka.ms/useterms

The privacy statement can be viewed at:
https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=853010

Do you accept the license terms? [Yes/No]:

回答 y 即可。

然后会要求输入管理员密码：

Enter the SQL Server system administrator password:
Confirm the SQL Server system administrator password:

密码要求混合多种字符，不允许简单密码。

配置完成后，验证服务是否正在运行：

systemctl status mssql-server --no-pager

如果计划远程连接，可能还需要在防火墙上打开 SQL Server TCP 端口（默认值为 1433）。

此时，SQL Server 已在 Ubuntu 计算机上运行，随时可以使用。